R. Palanisamy ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, K. Selvakumar ¹, D. Karthikeyan ¹, G. Santhoshkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Chennai – 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper illuminatessimulation and modelling of 5-level single phase Z-source based cascaded scheme inverter and its progress for output voltage twice the applied input voltage. Methods/Analysis: Z-source network utilizes a unique impedence network (L-C) combinations to connect with 5-level cascaded inverter, which gives unique features that cannot be obtained from the conventional inverter citcuits. Z-source network trounce the various restrictions of conventional voltage source inverter and current source inverters like reduced losses, voltage stress, improved output voltage. By using the shoot-through conditions the duty ratio of the proposed system can be speckled to achieve better output source voltage compare to conventional methods. This method is imitation using matlab - simulink with experimental results are verified using dsPIC controller. Findings: Z-source cascaded type H-bridge inverter facilitates to boost functional source voltage without any conservative dc - dc boost converters. The output source voltage of the planned system increased twice that of conventional inverter system and better current control is achieved.SPWM technique used to contorl the power switches placed in the proposed system. Novelty/ Improvement: The total harmonic level in the proposed system diminished and voltage stress in the each power switches also reduced. The method keeps away from the convention of dc/dc converter, diminishes the expenditure of the scheme and reduces voltage stress in the switches.

Keywords

Cascaded Type H-Bridge Inverter (CHBI), Matlab/simulink, Sinusoidal based Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), Z-source Network.

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R. Palanisamy ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, A. U Mutawakkil ²

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Chennai – 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Bayero University, Kano, NG

Abstract

Objectives: We present the simulation of fuzzy control method for haul out the highest power source from the photovoltaic (PV) scheme with change in value of temperature and under variable value of solar irradiations. Methods/Analysis: The schemerigging the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) as a MPPT controller is to take out the highest voltage and power source profile from PV scheme under variable temperature and solar irradiations. The dc-dc converter is used to boost the tracked voltage from the PV system and it fed to the 2 level voltage source inverter. Matlab/simulink worn as a software instrument to verify the simulation results of the projected scheme. Findings: The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) output power and voltage levels are compared with other MPPT algorithms and the output voltage attainment from the 2-level VSI circuit superior. The membership function of FLC for PV voltage and current sampled with variations of solar irradiations and temperature change. DC-DC conventional boost converter used for recuperating the output voltage source of the PV scheme method. Novelty/Improvement: Fuzzy logic controller stand MPPT can pull out the highest power from PV system compare to other conventional MPPT algorithms. Therefore overall proposed system output voltage can be enhanced.

Keywords

Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) Technique,Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) System, Photovoltaic (PV) Array, Voltage Source Inverter (VSI).

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Divya Navamani ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, A. Lavanya ¹

Affiliations
1 EEE Department, SRM University, IN

Abstract

Objective: Small-signal modelling is a widespread analysis practice in power electronic converters which is used to fairly accurate the performance of non-linear devices with linear equations. The order of the dc-dc depends on the non-linear elements of the system. As the number of non-linear element of the converter is high, it’s modelling and control becomes extremely complicated. Thus, there is a need for generalization of such converters by small signal modelling. Traditional modelling schemes using the averaging and small-signal linearization procedures are utilised for the advance modelling of the converters. Method: In this work, the purpose of the switching flow graph (SFG) and the Mason’s gain formula aid the solution of the equations. The duty cycle to output and the input to output transfer functions are obtained. Those transfer function can be used for closed loop examination. Findings: Open loop analysis of the converter is done and the outcomes are verified through simulation. Theoretical and simulation results are shown to prove the accuracy of the developed small signal models. The derived topology is unstable in open loop condition. A prototype is developed to validate the performance of the proposed topology. Improvement: Closed loop analysis can be carried out with any type of controller.

Keywords

Loops, Modelling, Stability, Transfer Function, Voltage Gain.

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R. Palanisamy ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, Komari Nikhil ¹, Madhumathi Iyer ¹, Ramachandar Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper elucidates on proposed SVM for grid connected system using dual inverters to get improved output voltage and better current control with less switching loss and THD. Methods/Analysis: The system incorporates PV array, MPPT and boost converter which multiplies the output of the PV array. The split inductor used in this proposed system, which evades the treatment of the conventional transformer and the stepped output is converted into sinusoidal AC output and which gives better synchronization to ac applications. Split inductor reduces the shoot through problem, leakage current problem, reduces the defeat in the scheme and reduces the expenditure of the scheme. The proposed SVM algorithm is used as PWM controller for this dual inverter. This proposed scheme is simulated using Matlab/Simulink and the experimental outcomes are verified using the dsPIC controller. Findings: The proposed system is used for the conversion of the alternating current waveform and it eliminates the total harmonic distortion. This scheme aspires at reducing switching losses and to switching control easier than conventional system. The proposed SVM controls the capacitor balancing problems avoided by dual inverter instead of using multilevel inverter. Application/Improvement: This method provides improved output voltage and better current control compare to SPWM and conventional controllers. And Total Harmonic Distortion of the system reduces less than that of IEEE standard.

Keywords

Boost Converter, Grid System, Multilevel Inverter (MLI), MPPT –P and O Method, Proposed SVM (Space Vector Modulation), PV Array, Split Inductor.

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V. Kalyanasundaram ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, Pradeep Vishnuram ¹, P. Kanakaraj ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , SRM University, Kattankulathur - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Most of the electricity markets are controlled by particular small group of firms rather than perfect competition. The electricity price determination is the long term process which depends upon cost of production, load demand, availability of generation, unit commitment and the transmission constraints. The main objective of this work is to maximize the social welfare function for the society. In the present scenario, the market clearing is based on stepped bids received from generators and consumers. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This paper focuses on implementing power systems optimization for forecasting Market Prices in deregulated electricity markets. In the recent energy trading scenario, determining the market clearing price place a vital role. Findings: The necessary solution is computing by collecting the clearing price from the generating station and load center and bids are offered in the closed loop form. Application/Improvements: To have a strategic bidding modelling the PDC in the oligopoly market is essential to have a accurate price in calculating the incomes from a new investment, so that it is not undervalued.

Keywords

Deregulation, Locational Marginal Price, Market Clearing Prices, Optimal Power Flow.

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R. Rajarajeswari ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, P. Rahul Swaroop ¹, S. Ramanathan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University, Chennai – 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: To design controllers for AC micro grid. To improve battery span, fuzzy control and energy management control the charging and discharging mode of the battery. Methods: A fuzzy controller can be used for the control of battery SOC of the renewable hybrid system and Energy Management Control is also used as above and to improve the performance of the system. Findings: The wind, solar hybrid power system plays a vital role today in renewable energy resources because it uses solar and wind power combined to create a stand-alone energy source that is both dependable and reliable. Conventional approach cannot provide with best way of energy management due to its non-linearity of battery charging process. So modern controllers are used in micro grid for battery SOC control. Improvement: In this work both fuzzy logic controller and EMC system is used for the hybrid system modeled using solar, wind and fuel cell system.

Keywords

Energy Management System, Fuzzy Logic Control, State of Charge.

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K. Selvakumar ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, D. Sattianadan ¹, C. S. Boopathi ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Potheri – 603203,Chennai,Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this paper is to decide the startup and shut down status of thermal generating units to meet the fluctuating load over a limited period at a lowest cost and also with lowest emission. Methods/Analysis: This paper presents Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm to explain short term Unit Commitment Problem solution with regard to Emission limitation and Prohibited Operating Zone (POZ) constraint. Findings: Fuel cost savings can be obtained by proper commitment of the available generating units. The total operating cost includes both the fuel cost and cost associated with the startup, shut down and maintenance of units. A variety of constraints like spinning reserve, generation limit constraint, minimum up time, minimum down time, system power balance and response rate constraints like ramp up constraint, ramp down constraint and prohibited operating zone constraints are considered for investigation. Novelty /Improvement: The problem is solved using an integer coded Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm which offers a practical unit commitment problem. A MATLAB code has been developed to explain the unit commitment problem using SFLA. The results are extensively validated for standard IEEE 39 bus with 10 units system. The results obtained are compared with existing method.

Keywords

Economic Dispatch (ED), Emission Limitation, Prohibited Operating Zone (POZ), Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA), Unit Commitment (UC).

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R. Palanisamy ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, K. Selvakumar ¹, D. Karthikeyan ¹, G. Santhoshkumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The implementation of five phase three level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter is illustrated using space vector modulation technique based on the optimized five vectors switching strategy. Methods/Analysis: In 5 phases 3 levels NPC inverter consists of 243 switching state vectors, which can be reduced to 113 states by optimized Space Vector Modulation (SVM) switching strategy. The system has 11 sectors, which is converted into 6 sectors in that sub regions can be identified by optimised technique in d-q voltage vector. Simulation results of the five phase three level neutral point clamped inverter using SVM verified using Matlab/Simulink. Findings: SVM utilities switching states among the available various redundant states to reduce the common mode voltage and capacitor balancing problem. Dwell time calculations for this proposed does not need of any lockup table and park transformation. It’s applicable for high power medium voltage, remote sensing and industrial applications. Novelty/Improvement: The 3level 5phase NPC inverter has improved power density of the machine, enhanced dissection of power source among the inverter legs, abridged amplitude and augmented frequency of the torque pulsation than the traditional inverters.

Keywords

Neutral Point Clamped Inverter (NPCI), Optimised Space Vector Modulation (OSVM), Pulse Width Modulation Method (PWM), Switching States.

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S. Vidyasagar ¹, D. Sattianadan ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, K. Selvakumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM University, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: In this paper a comprehensive analysis of DG is done under initial configuration (base case) as well as with the feeder reconfigured environment in order to minimize the losses and to enhance voltage stability index. Methods/Analysis: In today’s trend delivery of power to customers have become a major issue in the field of power systems, one as such solution to this issue is usage of small units named as Distributed Generators (DG) entered the area of distribution systems. Findings: With the involvement of DG’s, a given system can achieve an improvement in terms of reliability, stability and reduction of losses. It just not only by using DG alone will solve the issue, but also mainly we have to focus on its location, size and the type which has to be used. Application /Improvement: For this analysis a standard IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus test distribution system is taken under nominal load consideration and the results are tabulated.

Keywords

Distributed Generation, Distribution System, Real Power Loss, Reconfiguration, Voltage Profile, Voltage Stability Index.

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S. Vidyasagar ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, D. Sattianadan ¹, S. George Fernandez ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of EEE, SRM University, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: In Modern world power production and its efficient usage defines the development of the country. In distribution system of an electrical network due to the influence of loads, voltage profile and losses are to be focussed a lot. In order to avoid the maximum losses and to maintain the voltage profile usage of Distribution Generator (DG) plays a major role in the network. Statistical Analysis: Since we have to use an appropriate place and size of DG, a measuring technique based with index through which optimal size and place can be identified and is implemented in the work. Findings: This Paper focuses on reducing power losses by accurately giving the location and size of DG based on two indices (a) Voltage Deviation Index (VDI) (b) Voltage Stability Index (VSI). Results such as power losses, location, size and cost of DG are obtained for both initial configuration and Feeder reconfigured state for IEEE 33 and 69 bus systems were listed. Applications: These analysis help us in installation of Different types of DG to present network where demand side management has to be followed.

Keywords

Distributed Generation, Voltage Deviation Index, Voltage Stability Index.

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S. George Fernandez ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, Sattianadan ¹, S. Vidyasagar ¹

Affiliations
1 SRM University, Chennai -600048, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

This paper analyses the essential need for EVs in Indian transport, need for advanced charging infrastructure and technoeconomic comparative analysis of EVs and ICE engine vehicle. India is depending on oil imports largely for the energy needs. The share of oil imported by India was 57% at 1957, and it’ll be 97% for 2020. The escalating price of oil poses a severe problem in Indian energy segment in future. An emission from the transport sector is the key source of air pollution next to power sector in India. 13/ 20 cities in the world with highest air pollution are positioned in India. Transport and power sector have a significant effect in worsening air quality. As for these reasons the exploration of a different kind of transportation is required. Electric Vehicles (EV) are proving to be an absolutely new way to store and consume mass amounts of energy from the power grid. Battery Electric Vehicles (EV) and Plug-in Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (PHEV) offers beneficial rewards compared to the conventional ICE vehicle. Power generation from renewable sources, transmission, distribution, and allocation of energy and energy mix are developed with improved efficiency and consistency. A prearranged analysis is done for the business-related scopes of electric vehicles Indian energy sector. Data aggregator provides supplementary grid services as well as controls the electric vehicles charging.

Keywords

Aggregator, Charging Station, Electric Vehicle, Pollution.

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R. Palanisamy ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, S. Abhinav ¹, R. Prasanna ¹, T. Yogesh ¹

Affiliations
1 SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai -600048, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper proposes an improved Neutral Point Clamped 3-Level Inverter (NPC-TLI) that is suitable for transformer-less Photovoltaic (PV) grid connected system. Methods/Analysis: The use of NPC topology guarantees the reduction of shoot-through risk and helps keep common mode voltage in check. The inverter is controlled by Hysteresis Space Vector Modulation algorithm which helps to decrease Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) factor in the output. The proposed system simulation results were verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Findings: Furthermore, the use of a split inductor helps to avoid the use of a transformer, hence, reducing the size, leakage current and the voltage stress in the inverter. The input of the system is derived from a PV source whose output can be synchronized with a grid connected system. Novelty/ Improvement: The use of SVVC using hexagonal hysteresis areas ensures reduced THD and improved DC link voltage balancing in the capacitors of the NPC configuration. Reduced common mode voltage, and switching losses are other added benefits of the inverter configuration.

Keywords

Hysteresis Space Vector Modulation (HSVM), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Multilevel Inverter (MLI), Neutral Point Clamping (NPC), PV System.

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K. Vijayakumar ¹, K. Somasundaram ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science Engineering, Karpagam University, Coimbatore – 641021, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. RR Dr. SR Engineering College, Chennai - 600062, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This survey article intent presents knowledge into the security execution issues related to steering in wireless networking like MANET’s (Mobile Ad hoc Networks). Findings: The mobile adhoc networks are exposed to attacks at all the layers especially at the network layer. This study specially provides a set of solutions for the issues of various attacks like attacks on modifications, impersonation attacks, fabrication and rushing attacks. A few methodologies are analysed for prevention, detection and reaction on various attacks by malicious nodes. The study of this article has examined the methodologies meant for fathoming the implementation issues like, changes in topology, vitality utilization of stations, delay, throughput, transmit time, packet transmission ratio, systems or nodes security and administration. Conclusion: This article presents a comparison table specifying that every protocol provides security only to a limited access. Thus, there is still a prerequisite of more secured belief that can deal with the diverse asking for necessities like reliable protocols for security issues of MANET.

Keywords

Attacks, Detection, Malicious Nodes, Network Layer, Prevention, Protocols, Security, Throughput

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J. Divya Navamani ¹, K. Vijayakumar ¹, A. Lavanya ¹

Affiliations
1 EEE Department, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

An isolated full-bridge dc-dc converter with voltage doubler (IFBVD) is mainly used in higher power applications. This paper presents the testing and implementation of a digitally controlled Random pulse width modulated isolated full-bridge DC-DC converters with voltage doubler (IFBVD). Different PWM techniques for full-bridge DC/DC converter are investigated. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is used to obtain different PWM techniques. It is most commonly used in designing PWM Generator for Power Converter Applications. A comprehensive comparison between the various PWM techniques, including current stress, ripple and efficiency, is presented. Simulation is done using Matlab/Simulink. An experimental setup has been provided to validate the theoretical and simulation results using FPGA control. Experimental results of a 0.5kW, 50kHz prototype are presented.

Keywords

DC-DC Converter, FPGA, Phase Shift, Random PWM, Ripples

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